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Vitamin K2 MK-4 in EVOOO

$59.00
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Aug 5, 2025: We have noticed a rubbery smell coming from the dropper bulb that can permeate into the EVOOO. If you noticed this, please reach out to us for a free replacement bottle. Products shipped as of Aug. 4, 2025, have changed back to using the, previously out of stock, glass bottles after with a synthetic rubber (a thermoplastic elastomer called monprene) that should eliminate this issue. See post here.

Apr 19, 2025: 10 mg/drop is now available! Please only buy this if you don't mind hot water bathing your K2 bottle every so often!

Apr 11, 2025: We're back with the new bottles! Note that the new bottles are slightly bigger, but we kept the number of drops, IU's per drop, and the total amount of K2 MK-4 total the same. Sorry for the delay!

Feb 17, 2025: It's best practice to shake the bottle before dispensing drops to ensure an even distribution of vitamin content with each drop. Remember to squeeze the dropper bulb while shaking.

We are currently shipping 2 mg/drop bottles with the following info (updated Jun 21, 2025):

(see 10 mg/drop bottle info after)

Serial Numbers (s/n)
& Date Range Sold
Lab Results & Info
B0606 - B0651

Aug 26, 2025 - onward
Vitamin K2 MK-4 Powder:
  • Date received: Jul 7, 2025
  • Made in: China (why China?)
  • Purity COA (pdf)
  • Purity: 100%
  • Heavy Metals COA (pdf)
  • Aluminum: < 0.5 ppm
  • Arsenic: < 0.10 ppm
  • Cadmium: < 0.10 ppm
  • Chromium: 0.25 ppm
  • Lead: < 0.10 ppm
  • Mercury: < 0.05 ppm
  • Nickel: < 0.10 ppm
  • Microbials COA (pdf)
  • Aerobic Count: 10 cfu/g
  • Coliform Count: < 10 cfu/g
  • E. coli Count: < 10 cfu/g
  • Salmonella: negative
  • Mold: < 10 cfu/g
  • Yeast: < 10 cfu/g
Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Organic:
  • Image (jpg)
  • Brand: Terra Delyssa
  • Made in: Tunisia
  • Lot #: L1285/40795
  • Production: 12/11/2024
  • Expiration: 12/10/2026
  • Turns solid in fridge?: Yes (jpg)
Bottle, Cap & Dropper:
  • Bottle material: glass
  • Cap/bulb material: plastic, monprene TPE
  • Dropper material: glass
  • Made in: USA
B0651 - onward

soon
Vitamin K2 MK-4 Powder:
  • Date received: Jul 7, 2025
  • Made in: China (why China?)
  • Purity COA (pdf)
  • Purity: 100%
  • Heavy Metals COA (pdf)
  • Aluminum: < 0.5 ppm
  • Arsenic: < 0.10 ppm
  • Cadmium: < 0.10 ppm
  • Chromium: 0.25 ppm
  • Lead: < 0.10 ppm
  • Mercury: < 0.05 ppm
  • Nickel: < 0.10 ppm
  • Microbials COA (pdf)
  • Aerobic Count: 10 cfu/g
  • Coliform Count: < 10 cfu/g
  • E. coli Count: < 10 cfu/g
  • Salmonella: negative
  • Mold: < 10 cfu/g
  • Yeast: < 10 cfu/g
Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Organic:
  • Image (jpg)
  • Brand: Terra Delyssa
  • Made in: Tunisia
  • Lot #: L1303/52874
  • Production: 01/18/2025
  • Expiration: 01/17/2027
  • Turns solid in fridge?: Yes (jpg)
Bottle, Cap & Dropper:
  • Bottle material: glass
  • Cap/bulb material: plastic, monprene TPE
  • Dropper material: glass
  • Made in: USA
See all previous batch's COAs.

We are currently shipping 10 mg/drop bottles with the following info (updated Jun 21, 2025):

Serial Numbers (s/n)
& Date Range Sold
Lab Results & Info
C0085 - onward

Aug 1, 2025 - onward
Vitamin K2 MK-4 Powder:
  • Date received: Feb 22, 2025
  • Made in: China (why China?)
  • Purity COA (pdf)
  • Purity: 100%
  • 6 month follow up Purity COA (pdf)
  • Purity: 98%
  • Heavy Metals COA (pdf)
  • Aluminum: < 1.3 ppm
  • Arsenic: < 0.50 ppm
  • Cadmium: < 0.25 ppm
  • Chromium: 6.6 ppm
  • Lead: < 0.10 ppm
  • Mercury: < 0.10 ppm
  • Nickel: < 0.50 ppm
  • Microbials COA (pdf)
  • Aerobic Count: < 10 cfu/g
  • Coliform Count: < 10 cfu/g
  • E. coli Count: < 10 cfu/g
  • Salmonella: negative
  • Mold: < 10 cfu/g
  • Yeast: < 10 cfu/g
Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Organic:
  • Image (jpg)
  • Brand: Terra Delyssa
  • Made in: Tunisia
  • Lot #: L1285/40795
  • Production: 12/11/2024
  • Expiration: 12/10/2026
  • Turns solid in fridge?: Yes (jpg)
Bottle, Cap & Dropper:
  • Bottle material: glass
  • Cap/bulb material: plastic, monprene TPE
  • Dropper material: glass
  • Made in: USA
See all previous batch's COAs.

Notes (updated Oct 1, 2025):

  • Please keep bottle in a dark & cool place and keep the lid tightly closed (don't over-hulk it though).
  • 10 mg/drop bottles: the K2 powder can crystallize out of solution at temperatures ~60ºF (15.5ºC). This should not be a problem during the warmer months of the year (depending on where you live), but also be aware that if the A/C is blowing directly in the vicinity of the bottle, it can also crystallize. Placing the bottle in a warm/hot water bath for a bit should dissolve it back into solution. Remember, after bathing to squeeze the dropper bulb and shake the bottle before using. Please ONLY purchase this if you don't mind hot-water-bathing your K2 bottle when necessary!
  • Ice pack & insulation option: each time you select this option, we will add 1 ice pack. We can fit 3 bottles with 2 ice packs per insulated pouch. If you only need 1 ice pack, please don't select this option on your other products.

Specifications (updated Aug 20, 2025, changes underlined):

  • Ingredients: Extra Virgin Organic Olive Oil (EVOOO), Vitamin K2 MK-4 powder.
    • you may see small particles of olives in solution, this is considered normal as part of the unfiltered milling process.
  • Excipients: none.
  • Vitamin K2 MK-4 Source Material: Derived from geraniol, however because of the chemical reactions and transformations involved, this is considered a synthetic product (as opposed to an extract).
  • County of Origin:
    • Vitamin K2 MK-4: See table above.
    • EVOOO: See table above.
  • Certificate of Analysis (COA) available online with every order (why the COA? | view COAs)
  • Bottled in an amber glass jar for protection from UV light (why amber?)
    • Bottle components country of origin: See tables above.
    • Bottle dimensions w/ dropper: 1.2 x 4 in (31 x 102 mm) (diameter x height)
    • Dropper lid & bulb materials: See tables above.
    • Total weight: 2.42 oz (68.62 g)
  • Notes on contents per bottle:
    • each VK2 MK-4 2 mg/drop bottle contains:
      • 1.756 mg of Vitamin K2 MK-4
      • 23.156 g of EVOOO
    • each VK3 MK-4 10 mg/drop bottle contains:
      • 8.729 mg of Vitamin K2 MK-4
      • 15.713 g of EVOOO
    • How did you come up with these ratios?
      • There's an extra "buffer" in each bottle to make sure we aren't short changing you:
        • 2.1% buffer in the ~2 mg/drop bottle
        • 1.5% buffer in the ~10 mg/drop bottle
        • Why the 2.1% in the ~2 mg/drop bottle? We wanted to keep the total grams of VK2 and the number of drops the same, so we kept those constant.
    • By our calculations, there are ~860 drops of solution in each bottle.
    • However, drop weights and drop counts vary depending on several factors. Please see the section in our FAQ regarding average drop weights that we currently use. Please also see our post regarding drop counts for more details.
    • You may only be able to dispense ~845 drops using the dropper, with the remaining left as a film on the glass bottle and dropper (~15 drops). Use a mini scoop to scrape out the rest, or add a bit more EVOO and shake.

Disclosures (updated Dec 20, 2024, updates underlined):

  1. We use glass containers for storage and packaging, although caps and seals are usually made from silicone, plastic, rubber, or LDPE.
  2. We use amber colored glass or wrap clear glass to block UV rays from reaching contents.
  3. We store bulk powder sealed in the freezer.
  4. We store EVOO at room temperature (74 - 78°F or 23.3 - 25.6°C) away from sunlight.
  5. We steam sterilize all glass bottles, containers, caps, liners, and utensils before using them for storage or bottling using distilled water.
  6. We prioritize the material of packing utensils all containers and utensils that come into contact with product in this order: glass, ceramic, stainless steel, plastic, aluminum.
  7. Bulk powder we receive is usually stored in an aluminum or plastic container. We immediately weigh and move it to a glass container.
  8. More information about our process here.
  9. Please also review our Terms and Conditions before placing an order.

Are we missing something that you'd like to see? Let us know!

RP on Vitamin K

"...aged cheese or well cooked greens are ordinary foods that are good sources [of vitamin k2]" - Dr. Raymond Peat, Generative Energy Podcast #31 @ 53:11

"[Protein S and C] are made under the influence of vitamin k in the liver and they are the anticoagulant factors dependent on vitamin k. So people who have excess clotting problems are sometimes told to avoid vitamin K, but if you haven't measured the proteins S and C, it might be the worst thing to do is to avoid vitamin K because vitamin K is required for the normal resolution of stimulated clotting." - Dr. Raymond Peat, Generative Energy Podcast #31 @ 53:20

"I think every other day a serving of well-cooked kale will give enough vitamin K. But the Japanese have treated osteoporosis and hardening of arteries with does of vitamin k that were 500 times the normal dietary requirement."- Dr. Raymond Peat, KMUD 2011-07-15 @ 54:43

"...it [vitamin k] is right at the center of the regulation of calcium, it protects your arteries from calcification and it allows the bones to use carbon dioxide, it carboxylates the proteins that bind calcium into the bone. So you're protecting your arteries and building your bones when you have adequate vitamin k. And both aspirin and vitamin k are known practical bone-building supplements."- Dr. Raymond Peat, KMUD 2015-07-11 @ 53:29

"It [vitamin k] puts it into your bones and keeps it from going in your arteries." - Dr. Raymond Peat, KMUD 2014-01-17 @ 52:39

"So not everyone experiences this, but if you have taken antibiotics and have a deficiency of the type of bacteria that produces vitamin k in your intestine, then you're susceptible to aspirin's knocking out of this vitamin k dependent clotting protein. So just as insurance, it's good to have a source of vitamin K in your diet." - Dr. Raymond Peat, Generative Energy Podcast #31 @ 52:44

Studies on Vitamin K

General:
  1. Kaneki M, Hosoi T, Ouchi Y, Orimo H. Pleiotropic actions of vitamin K: protector of bone health and beyond? Nutrition. 2006 Jul-Aug;22(7-8):845-52. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.05.003. PMID: 16815498. Link [pleiotropic: producing more than one effect]
    • "Vitamin K is a nutrient that was originally identified as an essential factor for blood coagulation. Recently, vitamin K has emerged as a potential protector against osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and hepatocarcinoma. Accumulated evidence indicates that subclinical non-hemostatic vitamin K deficiency in extrahepatic tissues, particularly in bone and possibly in vasculature, exists widely in the otherwise healthy adult population. Vitamins K1 and K2 have been shown to exert protective effects against osteoporosis, although it is important that the beneficial effects will be further confirmed by large-scale, randomized, clinical trials. Increasing evidence implicates a role for vitamin K in calcification of arteries and atherogenesis. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of vitamin K2 as an antihepatoma drug has recently been highlighted. Most of the new biological functions of vitamin K in bone, vasculature, and hepatoma cells are considered attributable to promotion of γ-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in vitamin K–dependent proteins, which is shared by vitamins K1 and K2. In contrast, vitamin K2–specific, γ-carboxylation–unrelated functions have also been demonstrated. Thus, biological differences between vitamins K1 and K2 and potential involvement of γ-carboxylation–independent actions in the new roles of vitamin K remain open issues. Molecular bases of coagulation-unrelated pleiotropic actions of vitamin K and its implications in human health deserve further investigations."
  2. [Vitamin E and K Interactions] - Traber MG. Vitamin E and K interactions--a 50-year-old problem. Nutr Rev. 2008 Nov;66(11):624-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00123.x. PMID: 19019024. Link
    • "The mechanisms by which vitamin E interferes with vitamin K activity, especially blood clotting, are not known, but hypothetically this interference may involve metabolic pathways. Phylloquinone (K1) must be converted to menaquinone (MK-4, the most potent extrahepatic tissue vitamin K) by truncation of the K1 side chain and replacement with geranylgeranyl. Possible mechanisms for the vitamin E and K interaction include: 1) vitamin E competes for the yet undiscovered enzyme that truncates the K1 side chain; 2) vitamin E competes with K1 for the hypothetical cytochrome P450 enzyme that ω-hydroxylates the K1 side chain, thereby preventing its β-oxidation and its removal for MK-4 formation; or 3) vitamin E increases xenobiotic pathways that increase hepatic metabolism and excretion of all vitamin K forms. Currently, the pathway for K1 conversion to MK-4 is unknown, the process for regulating vitamin K metabolism to urinary excretion products is unknown, and why vitamin E supplements have such a dramatic effect, causing bleeding in some individuals and not in others, remains a mystery."
  3. Mishima E, Wahida A, Seibt T, Conrad M. Diverse biological functions of vitamin K: from coagulation to ferroptosis. Nat Metab. 2023 Jun;5(6):924-932. doi: 10.1038/s42255-023-00821-y. Epub 2023 Jun 19. PMID: 37337123. Link
    • "Vitamin K is essential for several physiological processes, such as blood coagulation, in which it serves as a cofactor for the conversion of peptide-bound glutamate to γ-carboxyglutamate in vitamin K-dependent proteins. This process is driven by the vitamin K cycle facilitated by γ-carboxyglutamyl carboxylase, vitamin K epoxide reductase and ferroptosis suppressor protein-1, the latter of which was recently identified as the long-sought-after warfarin-resistant vitamin K reductase. In addition, vitamin K has carboxylation-independent functions. Akin to ubiquinone, vitamin K acts as an electron carrier for ATP production in some organisms and prevents ferroptosis, a type of cell death hallmarked by lipid peroxidation. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the diverse functions of vitamin K in physiology and metabolism and, at the same time, offer a perspective on its role in ferroptosis together with ferroptosis suppressor protein-1. A comparison between vitamin K and ubiquinone, from an evolutionary perspective, may offer further insights into the manifold roles of vitamin K in biology."
  4. Barna M, Dunovska K, Cepova J, Werle J, Prusa R, Bjørklud G, Melichercik P, Kizek R, Klapkova E. Short-term impact of vitamin K2 supplementation on biochemical parameters and lipoprotein fractions. Electrophoresis. 2025 Feb;46(3-4):152-166. doi: 10.1002/elps.202400058. Epub 2024 Aug 2. PMID: 39091191. Link
    • "This study explored the short-term effects of vitamin K2 (VK2) supplementation on biochemical parameters (vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin A, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus (P), magnesium, metallothionein, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipoprotein fractions (albumin, HDL, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL, and chylomicrons). A short-term experiment (24 h, six probands) was performed to track changes in VK2 levels after a single-dose intake (360 µg/day). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to monitor vitamin K levels (menaquinone-4 (MK-4), menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and vitamin K1 [VK1]) with a limit of detection of 1.9 pg/mL for VK1 and 3.8 pg/mL for the two forms of VK2. Results showed that MK-7 levels significantly increased within 2–6 h post-administration and then gradually declined. MK-4 levels were initially low, showing a slight increase, whereas VK1 levels rose initially and then decreased. Biochemical analyses indicated no significant changes in sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, albumin, or total protein levels. A transient increase in P was observed, peaking at 12 h before returning to baseline. Agarose gel electrophoresis of lipoprotein fractions revealed distinct chylomicron bands and variations in VLDL and HDL mobility, influenced by dietary lipids and VK2 supplementation. These findings suggest effective absorption and metabolism of MK-7 with potential implications for bone metabolism and cardiovascular health."
  5. Bus K, Szterk A. Relationship between Structure and Biological Activity of Various Vitamin K Forms. Foods. 2021 Dec 17;10(12):3136. doi: 10.3390/foods10123136. PMID: 34945687; PMCID: PMC8701896. Link
    • "Vitamin K is involved many biological processes, such as the regulation of blood coagulation, prevention of vascular calcification, bone metabolism and modulation of cell proliferation. Menaquinones (MK) and phylloquinone vary in biological activity, showing different bioavailability, half-life and transport mechanisms. Vitamin K1 and MK-4 remain present in the plasma for 8-24 h, whereas long-chain menaquinones can be detected up to 96 h after administration. Geometric structure is also an important factor that conditions their properties. Cis-phylloquinone shows nearly no biological activity. An equivalent study for menaquinone is not available. The effective dose to decrease uncarboxylated osteocalcin was six times lower for MK-7 than for MK-4. Similarly, MK-7 affected blood coagulation system at dose three to four times lower than vitamin K1. Both vitamin K1 and MK-7 inhibited the decline in bone mineral density, however benefits for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases have been observed only for long-chain menaquinones. There are currently no guidelines for the recommended doses and forms of vitamin K in the prevention of osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders. Due to the presence of isomers with unknown biological properties in some dietary supplements, quality and safety of that products may be questioned."
  • Dam H, Glavind J. Vitamin K in the plant. Biochem J. 1938 Mar;32(3):485-7. doi: 10.1042/bj0320485. PMID: 16746644; PMCID: PMC1264055. Link
    • The amount of vitamin K was determined in a series of plant organs by the curative technique.
      The richest sources were green leaves of different kinds, chestnut leaves being the most potent among the species examined.
      During the withering of green leaves the amount of vitamin K was not much altered. Leaves which had large yellow areas alternating with green ones contained approximately as much vitamin K in the yellow areas as in the green. The vitamin K content of flowers, roots and seeds was found to be much less than that of green leaves; mangold root was a particularly poor source.
      Certain lower plants appeared to be poorer sources than higher plants.
      An experiment with germinating peas showed that whereas there was an abundant synthesis of the vitamin in peas grown in the light, synthesis in peas grown in the dark occurred to a very limited extent.
  • Breastfeeding:
    1. [Maternal Vitamin K Supplementation and Breastfeeding Infants Vitamin K Status] - Nishiguchi T, Yamashita M, Maeda M, Matsuyama K, Kobayashi T, Kanayama N, Terao T. Improvement of vitamin K status of breastfeeding infants with maternal supplement of vitamin K2 (MK40). Semin Thromb Hemost. 2002 Dec;28(6):533-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-36697. PMID: 12536346. Link
      • "The present study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy of maternal vitamin K2 supplementation on the vitamin K status of newborn infants using the measurement of des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (PIVKA-II [protein induced by vitamin K absence]) and the hepaplastin test (HPT). PIVKA-II and HPT were measured at the 1st month of age in two groups: 31 infants with maternal vitamin K supplementation (15 mg/d Menatetrenone since the 14th day after parturition) (group 1) and 46 without maternal supplementation (group 2). All infants received vitamin K2 syrup twice within the 1st week of life. The PIVKA-II levels of 31 infants (group 1) were 23.6 mAU/mL (standard deviation [SD] 5.8), showing extremely low levels, and close to healthy adult levels, with a smaller deviation than what was seen in group 2. The levels of the 46 infants in group 2 were 27.8 (SD 16.0). This does not differ significantly from group 1, but a small number of infants showed a modestly high level in PIVKA-II. There also was no significant difference between the two groups in the HPT. These data would indicate that maternal vitamin K supplementation can maintain the vitamin K status throughout the late neonatal period and prevent an onset of vitamin K-deficient hemorrhage."
    Bone Density
    1. Jun Iwamoto, Tsuyoshi Takeda, Shoichi Ichimura, Effect of menatetrenone on bone mineral density and incidence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a comparison with the effect of etidronate, Journal of Orthopaedic Science, Volume 6, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 487-492, ISSN 0949-2658, https://doi.org/10.1007/s007760100002 Link
      • "The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of etidronate and menatetrenone on bone mineral density (BMD) and the incidence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Seventy-two osteoporotic women, more than 5 years after menopause, 53–78 years of age, were randomly divided into three administration groups: E group; intermittent cyclical etidronate (200 mg/day, 14 days per 3 months; n = 25); M group; menatetrenone (45 mg/day, daily; n = 23); and C group (control); calcium lactate (2 g/day, daily; n = 24). Forearm BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the treatment started. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, years since menopause, and initial BMD among the three groups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements showed a significant decrease in BMD in the C group (P < 0.0001). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements showed a significant increase in BMD in the M group compared with that in the C group (P < 0.0001), and a significant increase in BMD in the E group compared with that in the C and M groups (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The indices of new vertebral fractures/1000 patient-years in the E and M groups were significantly higher than that in the C group (χ2 = 47.7; P < 0.0001 and χ2 = 42.4; P < 0.0001, respectively), and did not differ significantly between the E and M groups. The present preliminary study provides evidence to suggest that, despite the lower increase in BMD produced by menatetrenone, this agent, as well as etidronate, may have the potential to reduce osteoporotic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis."
    2. Iwamoto J. Vitamin K₂ therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Nutrients. 2014 May 16;6(5):1971-80. doi: 10.3390/nu6051971. PMID: 24841104; PMCID: PMC4042573. Link
      • "Vitamin K may play an important role in the prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Menatetrenone is the brand name of a synthetic vitamin K2 that is chemically identical to menaquinone-4. The present review study aimed to clarify the effect of menatetrenone on the skeleton in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, by reviewing the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the literature. RCTs that investigated the effect of menatetrenone on bone mineral density (BMD), measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fracture incidence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, were identified by a PubMed search for literature published in English. Eight studies met the criteria for RCTs. Small RCTs showed that menatetrenone monotherapy decreased serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) concentrations, modestly increased lumbar spine BMD, and reduced the incidence of fractures (mainly vertebral fracture), and that combined alendronate and menatetrenone therapy enhanced the decrease in serum ucOC concentrations and further increased femoral neck BMD. This review of the literature revealed positive evidence for the effects of menatetrenone monotherapy on fracture incidence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Further studies are required to clarify the efficacy of menatetrenone in combination with bisphosphonates against fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis."
    Electron Carrier
    1. Cerqua C, Casarin A, Pierrel F, Vazquez Fonseca L, Viola G, Salviati L, Trevisson E. Vitamin K2 cannot substitute Coenzyme Q10 as electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of mammalian cells. Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 25;9(1):6553. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43014-y. PMID: 31024065; PMCID: PMC6484000. Link
      • "Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiencies are a group of heterogeneous conditions that respond to ubiquinone administration if treated soon after the onset of symptoms. However, this treatment is only partially effective due to its poor bioavailability. We tested whether vitamin K2, which was reported to act as a mitochondrial electron carrier in D. melanogaster, could mimic ubiquinone function in human CoQ10 deficient cell lines, and in yeast carrying mutations in genes required for coenzyme Q6 (CoQ6) biosynthesis. We found that vitamin K2, despite entering into mitochondria, restored neither electron flow in the respiratory chain, nor ATP synthesis. Conversely, coenzyme Q4 (CoQ4), an analog of CoQ10 with a shorter isoprenoid side chain, could efficiently substitute its function. Given its better solubility, CoQ4 could represent an alternative to CoQ10 in patients with both primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies."
    Calcification
    1. Xu C, Cunqing Y, Chun G, Min W, Jun L, Xueyun H, Jiaxin F, Li S, Cheng A, Guijian L, Fengxiang S, Bo P. The relationship between serum vitamin K concentration and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly people. Clin Chim Acta. 2022 Jun 1;531:325-330. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.1001. Epub 2022 May 2. PMID: 35504322. Link
      • "Background: Vitamin K is involved in the formation of coronary artery calcification which is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. This study aims to explore the association between coronary artery calcification score and serum concentrations of vitamin K1, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.
        Methods: A total of 116 patients who underwent CT coronary angiography were consecutively enrolled. Serum concentrations of vitamin K1, MK-4 and MK-7 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The relationships between coronary artery calcification score and serum vitamin K concentrations were analyzed.
        Results: Significantly lower serum vitamin K1 concentration was found in the patients with CACS > 400, comparing with the other CACS categories, respectively. Log (CACS + 1) was significantly higher in MK-4 < 0.05 ng/ml group compared with MK-4 ≥ 0.05 ng/ml group [2.03(0.21, 2.58) vs 1.31(0.00, 2.19), P < 0.05]. In subjects with established coronary calcification (defined as CACS > 10), vitamin K1 was found to be an independent factor contributing to higher CACS (r = -0.288, P = 0.013).
        Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, serum vitamin K1 and MK-4 concentrations were significantly lower in middle-aged and elderly cohorts with increasing calcification scores. The significant effect of vitamin K1 on CACS was only found in individuals who already had calcification. Whether the detection of circulating vitamin K in patients with preexisting coronary calcification could guide vitamin K supplementation needs further exploration."
    MK-7
    1. [Sponsored by Nattopharma ASA, a producer of MK-7] - Knapen MH, Drummen NE, Smit E, Vermeer C, Theuwissen E. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2013 Sep;24(9):2499-507. doi: 10.1007/s00198-013-2325-6. Epub 2013 Mar 23. PMID: 23525894. Link
      • "We have investigated whether low-dose vitamin K2 supplements (menaquinone-7, MK-7) could beneficially affect bone health. Next to an improved vitamin K status, MK-7 supplementation significantly decreased the age-related decline in bone mineral density and bone strength. Low-dose MK-7 supplements may therefore help postmenopausal women prevent bone loss.
        Introduction: Despite contradictory data on vitamin K supplementation and bone health, the European Food Safety Authorities (EFSA) accepted the health claim on vitamin K's role in maintenance of normal bone. In line with EFSA's opinion, we showed that 3-year high-dose vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (short-chain menaquinone-4) supplementation improved bone health after menopause. Because of the longer half-life and greater potency of the long-chain MK-7, we have extended these investigations by measuring the effect of low-dose MK-7 supplementation on bone health.
        Methods: Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 244) received for 3 years placebo or MK-7 (180 μg MK-7/day) capsules. Bone mineral density of lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck was measured by DXA; bone strength indices of the femoral neck were calculated. Vertebral fracture assessment was performed by DXA and used as measure for vertebral fractures. Circulating uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and carboxylated OC (cOC) were measured; the ucOC/cOC ratio served as marker of vitamin K status. Measurements occurred at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years of treatment.
        Results: MK-7 intake significantly improved vitamin K status and decreased the age-related decline in BMC and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, but not at the total hip. Bone strength was also favorably affected by MK-7. MK-7 significantly decreased the loss in vertebral height of the lower thoracic region at the mid-site of the vertebrae.
        Conclusions: MK-7 supplements may help postmenopausal women to prevent bone loss. Whether these results can be extrapolated to other populations, e.g., children and men, needs further investigation."
    2. [Sato, T works for J-OIL MILLS, INC, a producer of MK-7 ] - Sato T, Schurgers LJ, Uenishi K. Comparison of menaquinone-4 and menaquinone-7 bioavailability in healthy women. Nutr J. 2012 Nov 12;11:93. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-93. PMID: 23140417; PMCID: PMC3502319. Link
      • "Background: Vitamin K₂ contributes to bone and cardiovascular health. Therefore, two vitamin K₂ homologues, menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), have been used as nutrients by the food industry and as nutritional supplements to support bone and cardiovascular health. However, little is known about the bioavailability of nutritional MK-4. To investigate MK-4 and MK-7 bioavailability, nutritional doses were administered to healthy Japanese women.
        Findings: Single dose administration of MK-4 (420 μg; 945 nmol) or MK-7 (420 μg; 647 nmol) was given in the morning together with standardized breakfast. MK-7 was well absorbed and reached maximal serum level at 6 h after intake and was detected up to 48 h after intake. MK-4 was not detectable in the serum of all subjects at any time point. Consecutive administration of MK-4 (60 μg; 135 nmol) or MK-7 (60 μg; 92 nmol) for 7 days demonstrated that MK-4 supplementation did not increase serum MK-4 levels. However, consecutive administration of MK-7 increased serum MK-7 levels significantly in all subjects.
        Conclusions: We conclude that MK-4 present in food does not contribute to the vitamin K status as measured by serum vitamin K levels. MK-7, however significantly increases serum MK-7 levels and therefore may be of particular importance for extrahepatic tissues."
    3. Kaesler N, Schreibing F, Speer T, Puente-Secades S, Rapp N, Drechsler C, Kabgani N, Kuppe C, Boor P, Jankowski V, Schurgers L, Kramann R, Floege J. Altered vitamin K biodistribution and metabolism in experimental and human chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2022 Feb;101(2):338-348. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.029. Epub 2021 Nov 11. PMID: 34774554. Link
      • "Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied with extensive cardiovascular calcification, in part correlating with functional vitamin K deficiency. Here, we sought to determine causes for vitamin K deficiency beyond reduced dietary intake. Initially, vitamin K uptake and distribution into circulating lipoproteins after a single administration of vitamin K1 plus K2 (menaquinone 4 and menaquinone 7, respectively) was determined in patients on dialysis therapy and healthy individuals. The patients incorporated very little menaquinone 7 but more menaquinone 4 into high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein particles than did healthy individuals. In contrast to healthy persons, HDL particles from the patients could not be spiked with menaquinone 7 in vitro and HDL uptake was diminished in osteoblasts. A reduced carboxylation activity (low vitamin K activity) of uremic HDL particles spiked with menaquinone 7 vs. that of controls was confirmed in a bioassay using human primary vascular smooth muscle cells. Kidney menaquinone 4 tissue levels were reduced in 5/6-nephrectomized versus sham-operated C57BL/6 mice after four weeks of a vitamin K rich diet. From the analyzed enzymes involved in vitamin K metabolism, kidney HMG-CoA reductase protein was reduced in both rats and patients with CKD. In a trial on the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in 1051 patients with type 2 diabetes receiving dialysis therapy, no pronounced vitamin K deficiency was noted. However, the highest levels of PIVKA-II (biomarker of subclinical vitamin K deficiency) were noted when a statin was combined with a proton pump inhibitor. Thus, profound disturbances in lipoprotein mediated vitamin K transport and metabolism in uremia suggest that menaquinone 7 supplementation to patients on dialysis therapy has reduced efficacy."

    34 Reviews Hide Reviews Show Reviews

    • 5
      Best K2

      Posted by Dang on Sep 18th 2025

      Best K2 on the market.

    • 5
      Vitamin K2 MK-4 in EVOO

      Posted by Dan Dixon on Sep 16th 2025

      Really great product that I buy for myself and my family. Appreciate Lark's commitment to providing one of the best in class products out there and their integrity in bringing these delightful bioenergetic tools to the market. Life delights in life and life delights in LARK!

    • 5
      Great Product

      Posted by John on Sep 8th 2025

      Great product and great value for money

    • 5
      Amazing product

      Posted by Steven on Sep 3rd 2025

      Great product, can tell this supplement is high quality and love that it is mixed in a good evoo.

    • 5
      Mk4

      Posted by Oskar on Aug 29th 2025

      Great product, really has the vit K2 knock out effect, and my teeth feel squeaky

    • 5
      K2 mk4 in olive oil

      Posted by Elijah on Aug 25th 2025

      Best K2 product I have used

    • 5
      Vitamin K2

      Posted by James on Aug 22nd 2025

      Excellent Customer Service, High quality Products. No complaints from me. I will buy it again. This is where your search ends, friend.

    • 5
      Incredible

      Posted by Hayden M on Aug 20th 2025

      Best Vit K supplement you could possibly find, will never buy anything else. Incredible stuff, thank yall so much!

    • 5
      Legit

      Posted by Chris on Aug 12th 2025

      So far go good! As far as I can tell, this is just as potent - if not more - than a certain Bulgarian's offering (with all due respect), at a better price point. You've earned yourself a repeat customer!